Validation of a full-scale glider crash test model and proposal of cockpit design methods

Abstract

This study describes the validation of a numerical sailplane crash model using a full-scale test. First presented is the M¨u 32 sailplane design by Akaflieg Munich based on the flight loads and a crash concept. Subsequently, a selection is given of material models for composite, adhesive, and foam materials, which are an appropriate choice to create a numerical crash test model. The composite structure is modeled using strain-rate-dependent behavior. Due to the differential design approach, cohesive connections are of high importance for the behavior of the model. A material model is adapted to obtain stable simulations of sandwich foam cores. A detailed fuselage model is created and a commercial dummy model is integrated. The execution of the crash test, the employed measurement equipment and the evaluation routines are described. High-speed camera footage in combination with binary sensor data facilitate a detailed analysis of the results. Injury criteria are used to evaluate the consequences of the crash for the occupant. Finally, proposals are given for future crashworthy aircraft designs and further numerical loadcase studies.